Cystitis in medical practice is called the inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is common for cystitis to be exclusively female diseases.But this is not true.Stronger sex representatives are also subject to disease.About how symptoms of cystitis in men manifest themselves and how to treat it correctly, and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary system, designed to collect and remove the urine.In the last process, an important role is played by the walls of the organ that have a muscle base and, thanks to this, they are able to stretch.However, the bladder mucous membrane is often injured or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to various diseases.The bottom of the bladder is called the neck.The urethra (urethra) comes out of the neck.Two ureters flow to the top - channels through which the urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis in men
Acute cystitis is made sense, first of all, with acute pain during urination, sometimes radiant in the rectum.Particularly a lot of pain manifests itself at the beginning and end of urination.In addition, symptoms of cystitis include pain in the lower abdomen, pubis, regardless of urination, but with this process they intensify.The amount of urine emitted can be extremely small (10-15 ml), however, the number of desire to urination can reach several times in an hour.After the act of urination, there is a feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.In addition, with cystitis, there are usually signs such as urinary incontinence, imperative urination.The exacerbation of the disease is often accompanied by an increase in temperature, signs of body intoxication (misunderstanding, headache).
Other symptoms of cystitis:
- Color change of urine,
- blood, mucus, pus or protein in the urine,
- The unpleasant smell of the urine.
Often, with the disease, reflux urine occurs.This is the name of the process where urine enters the ureters and then to the kidneys, which leads to the disease with pyelonephritis.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis is transformed into a chronic form.Chronic cystitis is characterized, in turn, exacerbations (approximately 2-3 times a year) replacing periods of remission.During remission, symptoms of the disease are hardly appeared.Interstitial cystitis is a severe form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of the disease, exacerbation occurs extremely frequency and the patient has constant pain in the groin.
Diagnosis
In the presence of signals, with a high degree of probability indicating cystitis, you should contact a urologist.During the initial examination, the doctor usually examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with anus palpation.This allows you to establish or exclude cystitis connection in men with other diseases from male genitals.The diagnosis is mainly made by the general analysis of urine.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes a defining feature may be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial and protozoan cells.Also done:
- Overall and biochemical blood test,
- Urine analysis by Nechiporenko,
- Sow urine to identify an infectious agent.
A study for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed if a sexually transmitted infection is suspected.Bladder Uzi is ineffective as it requires full bladder and, with a certain disease, the patient cannot be filled.However, kidney and prostate ultrasound can be useful as they help identify concomitant diseases.Procedures such as cystoscopy, urodynamic study, uroflowography (study of high -speed urine parameters through the urethra), magnetic resonance imaging are performed.Cystoscopy is a type of endoscopic examination.It helps identify stones and neoplasms in the bladder, as well as a biopath for analysis.Cystitis should be different from diseases such as bladder and prostate tumors.
Cystitis: What is for Men
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease, which consists of irritation and damage to the bladder walls.Cystitis is actually more likely women to suffer.Approximately 2-3 in 10 representatives of fair sex at least once in life suffer from this disease.For male representatives, only 1% have cystitis anyway.In most cases, these are men over 45.The difference in the frequency of sexes between the sexes is explained by physiological differences in the structure of their genitourinary organs.First of all, men have a very long and winding urethra.But urethra walls are an extremely difficult obstacle to pathogenic microorganisms, as immune cells are active in them.Also, in the male body, the urethra hole is far from the anus;Therefore, it is practically excluded to enter the anus pathogenic microflora channel.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only from the outside through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of kidney disease or prostate.Generally speaking, cystitis is not always infectious in nature.However, if we are talking about infectious cystitis, it is most often bacterial cystitis, less often - fungal.Even less often cystitis is caused by multicellular parasites.Most of the time, infectious cystitis occurs as a result of E. coli action (80%).Causing agents of the disease can also be:
- Pseudomonal stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gonococcus,
- chlamydia,
- Trichomonades,
- Mycoplasma.
Cystitis can be a complication of tuberculosis
Infectious cystitis caused by trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasmas, gonococci, koch sticks, is called specific.And non -specific cystitis is a disease caused by conditionally pathogenic bacteria that constantly expand in the body.The varieties of uncommon cystitis are those caused by purple, actinomycosis and schistosomiasis.The path that pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder may be different.Depending on this, cystitis is divided into descendants, ascension, lymphogenic and hematogenic.The upward option of infection (from urethra) in male patients is quite rare.Cystitis in men is more often descending (in the case of kidney infection) as well as hematogenic and lymphogenic.There is also non -infectious cystitis.They can be caused:
- Diagnostic operations or procedures in the bladder;
- Radiation effect on the body, for example, with prostate gland radiotherapy;
- Bladder lesions by foreign bodies, for example, stones;
- The chemicals that are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the bubble.
In addition, cystitis is divided into primary and secondary.In the first case, the disease starts on its own, directly in the bladder.In the second cystitis, it is caused by some other pathological processes in the body.Secondary cystitis, in turn, is divided into intraufsa and extraordinary cystitis.For example, bladder stones and neoplasms of this organ are intracular causes and diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis) are extracurricular.If the inflammation area is the urinary triangle, this cystitis is called Trigonite.Also, depending on the location of inflammation, cervical and diffuse cystitis is secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation is observed in the neck of the bladder.The diffuse form of the disease manifests itself in the inflammation of the entire wall of the organ.Depending on how much the bubble wall is reached, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- Qatarhal,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcerous,
- phlegmmonous,
- Gangrenous.
The clearest form, affecting only the superficial layers of the walls, is catarran.In case of gangrenous form, the pathological process leads to the necrotic of the walls.To determine the degree of disease, cystoscopy is used with subsequent biopsy.Factors that contribute to the appearance of cystitis in men:
- Hypothermia of the body;
- Immunity reduction;
- stress;
- Conscious late urine, rare emptying of the bladder;
- Renal diseases, prostate;
- non -compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Diseases accompanied by the occurrence of outbreaks of infection (tonsillitis, sinusitis, cornunculose, dental diseases, etc.);
- spine lesions;
- Diabetes mellitus;
- Alcohol abuse.
Cystitis complications can be paricistics (inflammation of tissues around the bladder), pyelonephritis, bladder wall sclerosis, bubble wall drilling, kidney inflammation (as a result of bubble reflux).
Cystitis Treatment
The treatment is performed as a rule at home.It is possible to be directed to a hospital in acute cystitis whether a hemorrhagic or gangrenous form of the disease develops or an acute urinary retention.Cystitis treatment methods are mainly medications.Although other techniques can be used, for example, physical therapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic therapy and laser, dirt), rinsing the bladder with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is accompanied by high temperature, the patient needs rest in the bed.It is shown the heat fixation to the groin area (except hemorrhagic cystitis and tuberculosis).
An important element of treatment is a diet.The patient is against -Indicated in salty, greasy, fried, sharp and acidic foods, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretics.Many vegetables and fruits have these properties: watermelon, melon, cherries, cucumbers.Apples, cranberry and insole fruit beverages are also recommended - they increase the anti -deals of the bladder mucosa membrane, ie they make bacteria to connect to the bubble walls.Phytocha and Lingonberries have indisputable benefits.It is important not to forget an abundant drink - the patient should drink at least 2 liters of pure water a day.During the exacerbation of cystitis, it is recommended to abandon smoking.Surgical treatment is used in case of gangrenous cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by prostate adenoma.
Remedy for the treatment of male cystitis
Drug therapy may be ethyotropic or symptomatic.Ethyotropic therapy aims to neutralize pathogenic organisms - pathogens of the disease.The goal of symptomatic treatment is to relieve unpleasant symptoms - pain and spasm.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, an antibiotic course is required.More often used drugs from the fluoroquinolone group. Admission duration is usually a week.Before choosing an antibiotic therapy scheme, a study on the type of pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics is required.Preparations with anti -inflammatory and antibacterial vegetable components, grass grass, a decoction of St. John's ponytail and herb are also often used.Another class of drugs used for the disease is antispasmodic that help alleviate spasms and caused by pain.To reduce the symptoms of pain and inflammation, NSAIDs are also used.With severe pain, novocaine blockages are used.It is also recommended to take vitamins - to increase body resistance.
Prevention
The fact that men rarely suffer from cystitis does not mean that representatives of the strong half of humanity should not be kept in the minds of this disease, not only very unpleasant and significantly reducing the quality of life, but also potentially fatal in the absence of proper ganggrenous cystitis, for example, as Peter).However, preventive measures are simple - you should monitor personal hygiene, immunity level, avoid hypothermia, go to the bathroom regularly, avoid urinary stagnation, cure infectious diseases in time that can create infection outbreaks - sinusitis, pulpites and tonsilitis, regularly visit the urologist and andrologists.